EU member state. Compliance scores reflect the regulatory advantages of EU single market membership and are not directly comparable to non-EU sourcing countries.
weighted score 2.6 · nine dimensions
Country Risk Profile
Greece
Sourcing risk, regulatory exposure and audit intelligence for Greece-origin supply chains.
Forced & child labour
3
ECHR March 2026 condemnation for forced labour (Manolada strawberry workers). Nepali trafficking cases 2024-2025. Elevated for an EU member state.
Worker rights & FOA
3
ILO conventions ratified. ITUC ~3. Enforcement gaps in agricultural and informal sectors. Collective bargaining coverage below EU average.
OHS & audit transparency
3
EU OHS directive framework applies. Full audit access. Agricultural sector OHS enforcement weaker than industrial sectors.
Food & product safety
2
EU food safety framework (EFSA). RASFF system integrated. Strong olive oil and fisheries quality infrastructure.
Environmental & regulatory
2
EU ETS participant. EU environmental directives transposed. Wildfires escalating in frequency and severity. Waste management infrastructure below EU average.
Governance & anti-corruption
5
TI CPI 2025: 50. Mitsotakis stable government with GDP growth 2%+. Corruption remains a structural concern despite reforms. Judiciary independence improving.
Tariff & preferential access
1
Full EU single market membership. Zero-tariff intra-EU trade. Access to EU FTA network.
Non-tariff barriers
1
EU single market harmonisation. CE marking, REACH, and EU product regulations apply directly. No additional barriers.
Supply chain traceability
3
EU traceability frameworks apply. Agricultural sector traceability improving but informal labour practices in seasonal agriculture create opacity.
Labour & Social Risk
Labour & Social Risk
- Forced labour risk
- Elevated for an EU member state. ECHR condemned Greece in March 2026 over forced labour of Bangladeshi strawberry workers at Manolada (Peloponnese). Nepali trafficking cases documented in 2024-2025 involving agricultural and construction sectors.
- Worker rights
- ILO core conventions ratified. ITUC Global Rights Index: ~3 (regular violations). Freedom of association legally protected but enforcement gaps in agricultural and informal sectors. Collective bargaining coverage lower than EU average.
- Audit environment
- Full transparency. SMETA, BSCI, and SA8000 audits operate without restriction. Third-party audit infrastructure available but less developed than Northern European peers.
- ILAB status
- No goods listed on US Department of Labor List of Goods Produced by Child or Forced Labor.
EU Regulatory Exposure
EU Regulatory Exposure
- Single market
- Full EU single market member. No tariffs, no customs declarations for intra-EU trade. CE marking, REACH, and all EU product regulations apply directly.
- EUDR exposure
- Greece has olive oil and fruit production. EUDR-regulated commodities (cattle products, soy for feed) are present but primarily sourced from third countries for processing.
- EU Forced Labour Regulation
- Regulation (EU) 2024/3015 applies from December 2027. The Manolada ECHR ruling and documented trafficking cases mean Greek agricultural supply chains may face heightened scrutiny under Article 5 investigations.
- CBAM
- As an EU member state, Greek producers are within the EU ETS. CBAM does not apply to intra-EU trade.
Logistics & Supply Chain
Logistics & Supply Chain
- Primary export corridor
- Mediterranean shipping routes via Piraeus. Rail and road connections to Central Europe via the Balkans.
- Key infrastructure
- Piraeus is the largest container port in the Mediterranean (COSCO majority stake). Thessaloniki port serves northern Greece and Balkan transit.
- Shipping industry
- Greece controls the world's largest merchant fleet by tonnage. Deep maritime logistics expertise but fleet is internationally flagged, not primarily serving Greek exports.
- Typical transit time
- 2-4 days to Northwest Europe by sea. Road freight to Central Europe 2-3 days.