weighted score 8.2 · nine dimensions
Country Risk Profile
Myanmar
Sourcing risk, regulatory exposure and audit intelligence for Myanmar-origin supply chains.
Forced & child labour
9
Nine TVPRA-listed products. State-sponsored forced labour documented by ILO for decades. Military junta uses forced conscription and labour systematically. Highest risk tier.
Worker rights & FOA
9
Independent unions banned under military rule. Labour activists face arrest and violence. ILO C087 ratified but systematically violated. No collective bargaining.
OHS & audit transparency
8
Independent audits not possible in most of the country. Conflict zones inaccessible. Worker intimidation by military makes credible verification impossible.
Food & product safety
7
Regulatory framework non-functional under military rule. No credible food safety enforcement. Product safety standards exist on paper but are not enforced.
Environmental & regulatory
8
EUDR HIGH RISK classified alongside Belarus, North Korea, and Russia. Deforestation accelerating. Illegal logging and mining widespread. No environmental enforcement.
Governance & anti-corruption
9
TI CPI ~20/100. Military junta — no rule of law, no independent judiciary, no anti-corruption framework. Bribery and extortion endemic at all levels.
Tariff & preferential access
7
EU suspended EBA preferences in 2024. US GSP withdrawn. MFN tariffs apply. Duty-free access that underpinned garment exports removed.
Non-tariff barriers
8
Western sanctions on military entities. Banking restrictions. Currency controls. Import/export licensing under military authority. Financial transaction risk.
Supply chain traceability
9
Traceability effectively impossible. Military-controlled extraction industries. Multi-tier opacity. Conflict-zone sourcing. Origin verification non-viable.
Forced Labour & Worker Rights
Forced Labour & Worker Rights
- TVPRA listings
- Nine products listed on the US TVPRA/ILAB List of Goods Produced by Child or Forced Labor, including jade, rubies, teak, rice, beans, sugarcane, roofing tiles, bricks, and bamboo. One of the highest product counts on the TVPRA list globally.
- State-sponsored forced labour
- The military junta systematically uses forced labour for construction, porterage, and resource extraction. The ILO has documented state-imposed forced labour in Myanmar for decades. Post-coup, the military has intensified forced conscription and labour extraction in conflict zones.
- Union rights
- Independent trade unions are effectively banned under military rule. Labour activists face arrest, detention, and violence. ILO C087 (Freedom of Association) ratified but systematically violated. No functioning collective bargaining framework exists.
- Audit access
- Independent social compliance audits are not possible in most of Myanmar. Conflict zones are inaccessible. Even in Yangon, audit integrity is severely compromised by military surveillance and worker intimidation. No credible third-party verification of labour conditions is available.
EU Regulatory Exposure & Governance
EU Regulatory Exposure & Governance
- EU EBA suspension
- EU suspended Myanmar's Everything But Arms (EBA) preferences in 2024 over systematic human rights violations. MFN tariffs now apply — removing the duty-free access that was the basis of Myanmar's garment export model (Tariff score: 7).
- EUDR classification
- Myanmar is classified as HIGH RISK under the EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR), alongside Belarus, North Korea, and Russia. Enhanced due diligence requirements apply to all EUDR-regulated commodities (timber, rubber) originating from Myanmar.
- Corruption Perceptions Index
- Transparency International CPI score approximately 20/100 — among the most corrupt countries globally. Under military rule, bribery and extortion are endemic. No independent judiciary, no functioning anti-corruption framework.
- EU Forced Labour Regulation
- Regulation (EU) 2024/3015 applies from December 2027. Myanmar-origin goods face near-certain challenge under Article 5 investigations given documented state-sponsored forced labour and TVPRA listings.
Supply Chain & Traceability
Supply Chain & Traceability
- Traceability
- Supply chain traceability is effectively impossible in Myanmar under current conditions. Multi-tier opacity, conflict-zone sourcing, and military-controlled extraction industries make origin verification non-viable for most product categories.
- Military economic interests
- The military controls vast economic interests through Myanmar Economic Holdings Limited (MEHL) and Myanmar Economic Corporation (MEC). These conglomerates span mining, manufacturing, banking, and trade — making it extremely difficult to ensure sourcing does not benefit the military.