weighted score 4.0 · nine dimensions
Country Risk Profile
Peru
Sourcing risk, regulatory exposure and audit intelligence for Peru-origin supply chains.
Forced & child labour
4
TVPRA listings for bricks, coca, gold, and lumber. ASGM in Madre de Dios is a forced labour hotspot. Formal agricultural export sector lower risk.
Worker rights & FOA
4
All eight ILO fundamental conventions ratified. Enforcement limited in informal economy (~70% of workforce). Export-oriented sectors better monitored.
OHS & audit transparency
4
Audit access generally available in formal export sectors. Mining and agriculture subject to international audit frameworks. Informal sector opaque.
Food & product safety
3
Strong food safety for EU-facing exports. SENASA phytosanitary protocols aligned with EU. Low RASFF alert rates for asparagus and avocado.
Environmental & regulatory
5
EUDR exposure for coffee, cocoa, and timber. Amazon deforestation pressure. Mining water and tailings management challenges.
Governance & anti-corruption
7
TI CPI 2024: 36/100. Significant corruption risk in public procurement and mining licensing. Political instability compounds governance weakness.
Tariff & preferential access
2
EU-Peru FTA (2013) provides preferential tariff access. Rules of origin compliance required. Favourable tariff position for agricultural and mineral exports.
Non-tariff barriers
3
Limited non-tariff barriers for key export categories. Food safety alignment with EU standards reduces border friction for agricultural products.
Supply chain traceability
4
Traceability well-established in formal agricultural exports (asparagus, avocado). ASGM gold and informal timber supply chains have poor traceability.
Labour & Social Risk
Labour & Social Risk
- TVPRA listings
- Peru appears on the US TVPRA List of Goods Produced by Child or Forced Labor for bricks, coca, gold, and timber/lumber. Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in Madre de Dios region is a documented forced labour and child labour hotspot.
- ILO conventions
- Peru has ratified all eight ILO fundamental conventions, including C087 (Freedom of Association) and C098 (Right to Organise). Enforcement capacity varies significantly between formal and informal sectors.
- Informal economy
- Approximately 70% of Peru's workforce operates in the informal economy. Labour rights enforcement is concentrated in the formal sector — export-oriented agriculture and mining — while informal mining, brick-making, and forestry carry elevated compliance risk.
EU Regulatory Exposure
EU Regulatory Exposure
- Governance & CPI
- Transparency International CPI 2024: 36/100 — indicating significant corruption risk. This translates to a Governance score of 7 on the compliance index. Public procurement and mining licensing are documented corruption-risk areas.
- EU FTA tariff position
- The EU-Peru/Colombia Trade Agreement (2013) provides preferential tariff access. Tariff dimension scores 2, reflecting favourable trade terms. Rules of origin compliance is required to benefit from preferences.
- Food safety
- Peru has strong food safety compliance for EU-facing agricultural exports, particularly asparagus and avocado. SENASA (Peru's food safety authority) maintains phytosanitary protocols aligned with EU requirements. RASFF alert rates for Peruvian produce are low relative to other Latin American origins.
- EUDR exposure
- Peru has significant exposure to the EU Deforestation Regulation across coffee, cocoa, and timber commodities. Amazon deforestation for agricultural expansion is a documented concern. Due diligence statements will be required for relevant imports under EUDR.
Logistics & Supply Chain
Logistics & Supply Chain
- Primary export corridor
- Callao (Lima) → Panama Canal → EU ports
- Main EU destination ports
- Rotterdam, Antwerp, Hamburg
- Typical transit time
- 18–24 days to Northwest Europe