← Country Risk Profiles
6.2

weighted score 6.2 · nine dimensions

Country Risk Profile

Russia

Sourcing risk, regulatory exposure and audit intelligence for Russia-origin supply chains.

Forced & child labour

5

Tier 3 TIP ranking. Forced labour documented in construction and agriculture. Wartime labour conditions in military-industrial complex. Migrant worker vulnerability from Central Asia.

Worker rights & FOA

6

ILO C087 ratified but implementation suppressed. Independent unions effectively banned. Wartime mobilisation further restricts labour rights and worker mobility.

OHS & audit transparency

5

Audit access impossible under sanctions regime. No credible third-party verification available. Wartime conditions prevent any independent assessment of factory conditions.

Food & product safety

4

Rosstandart certification system functional pre-war. Current product safety standards difficult to verify. Food exports to EU largely prohibited under sanctions.

Environmental & regulatory

3

EUDR high-risk classification. Environmental monitoring weakened by wartime priorities. Oil spill response and environmental compliance deteriorating.

Governance & anti-corruption

9

TI CPI 2025: 22/100. Systemic corruption across government and military. State capture of judiciary. Rule of law severely compromised. VAT raised to 22%.

Tariff & preferential access

9

Comprehensive EU sanctions eliminate all preferential trade access. Import bans on major commodity categories. No functioning trade agreement framework with EU.

Non-tariff barriers

9

Full sanctions regime creates absolute non-tariff barriers. Financial transaction restrictions (SWIFT disconnection). Insurance and shipping restrictions. Anti-circumvention enforcement active.

Supply chain traceability

6

Russia stopped publishing trade and oil data. Supply chain traceability effectively impossible. Third-country re-export creates circumvention risk requiring enhanced due diligence.

Labour & Social Risk

Labour & Social Risk

Forced labour risk
Documented forced labour in construction, agriculture, and manufacturing sectors. Migrant workers from Central Asia particularly vulnerable. US Department of State TIP Report consistently ranks Russia as Tier 3.
Worker rights
Independent trade unions are suppressed. ILO C087 (Freedom of Association) ratified but implementation severely limited. Labour inspections weakened since 2022 wartime mobilisation.
Wartime labour conditions
Military-industrial complex operating with extended shifts and restricted worker mobility. Convict labour used in frontline and military production roles. Labour market severely distorted by wartime mobilisation.
ILAB status
Russia listed on ILAB List of Goods Produced by Child or Forced Labor for pornography. Broader forced labour concerns in extractive and construction sectors.

EU Regulatory Exposure

EU Regulatory Exposure

Sanctions regime
Comprehensive EU sanctions packages (14+ rounds since February 2022) covering energy, finance, technology, transport, and luxury goods. Import bans on Russian oil, coal, steel, gold, diamonds, and wood products.
EUDR exposure
Russia classified as high-risk under EUDR. Russian timber and wood products subject to enhanced due diligence. Practical sourcing of EUDR-regulated commodities from Russia is effectively prohibited by sanctions.
CBAM exposure
CBAM applies to Russian steel, aluminium, cement, and fertiliser exports. However, most of these categories are already subject to EU import bans under sanctions packages.
Anti-circumvention
EU actively monitoring third-country re-export of Russian-origin goods. Central Asian and Caucasus states under scrutiny for sanctions circumvention. Anti-circumvention measures tightened in 2024-2025.

Logistics & Supply Chain

Logistics & Supply Chain

Primary export corridor
Baltic Sea ports (St Petersburg, Ust-Luga) and Black Sea ports (Novorossiysk) historically served EU trade. Most routes now sanctioned or commercially unviable.
Shipping restrictions
EU port access banned for Russian-flagged vessels. Insurance and P&I club restrictions on Russian oil tankers. Shadow fleet of older tankers operating outside Western insurance framework.
Oil price cap
G7/EU oil price cap of $60/barrel on Russian crude. Urals crude trading at $20+/barrel discount to Brent. Russian oil redirected to India, China, and Turkey.
Trade data opacity
Russia stopped publishing detailed trade and oil production data since 2022. Supply chain visibility effectively zero for EU compliance purposes.