Batteries (lithium-ion)

Structural

Definitional or legal. No counterfactual.

• Regulated by: EU Battery Regulation
• Derived from: Nickel
• Derived from: Cobalt
• Derived from: Lithium
• Derived from: Graphite
• Produced by: China

Causal / evidential

Licenses a counterfactual. Confidence and identification (how the arrow was earned: statutory, forward-test, natural-experiment, or mechanism only) shown per edge.

• Exposed to: Supply concentration (inferred) · mechanism