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EU member state. Compliance scores reflect the regulatory advantages of EU single market membership and are not directly comparable to non-EU sourcing countries.

Europe

Italy

EU Compliance · Geopolitical Risk · Sourcing Attractiveness · Intra-EU Risk

EU Compliance

lower score = lower risk

2.1

Geopolitical Risk

lower score = lower risk

2.2

Sourcing Attractiveness

higher score = more attractive

6.2

Intra-EU Risk

lower score = lower risk

5.1

Why these scores

EU Compliance, by dimension

Forced & child labour3
Worker rights & FOA2
OHS & audit transparency2
Food & product safety2
Environmental & regulatory2
Governance & anti-corruption4
Tariff & preferential access1
Non-tariff barriers1
Supply chain traceability2

1 = lowest risk · methodology & sources

Geopolitical Risk, by dimension

Geopolitical conflict2
Supplier concentration3
Climate & physical risk3
Sanctions exposure1
Policy continuity & property rights2

1 = lowest risk · methodology & sources

Attractiveness, by dimension

Labour cost competitiveness2
Supply base depth8
Logistics & infrastructure7
Workforce skills7
Scalability5
Ease of doing business5
Trade access & tariffs8
Sustainability baseline7
Innovation & IP5
Quality standards8

9 = most attractive · methodology & sources

Analyst scores, last reviewed June 2026; each dimension's sources and cadence are on its methodology page.

Data layers

Italy on the world stage

Italy$621.6bn total importsEU-2756.0% · $348.4bnGermany14.5% · $90.1bnChina9.1% · $56.4bnFrance7.7% · $47.8bnNetherlands6.2% · $38.7bnSpain5.9% · $36.7bnUS4.5% · $28.2bnASEAN-62.1% · $13.0bnJapan0.8% · $4.8bn

Total imports

$621.6bn

2024 annual

Total exports

$673.9bn

222 partners

#1 import source

Germany

14.5%

#1 export dest.

Germany

11.3%

2024 annual, UN Comtrade (HS TOTAL, all partners). Line colour: coverage (exports/imports per partner).

Intra-EU trade: Italy

EU imports from

€311.2bn

intra-EU flow

EU exports to

€328.9bn

intra-EU flow

Intra-EU rank

#7

by import value

EU trade balance

balanced or surplus

coverage 1.06

2025 annual totals, Eurostat COMEXT.

Electricity & grid

National sources · carbon from Ember

Electricity costs →

Industrial

166

EUR/MWh

Consumer

329

EUR/MWh, all-in

Grid carbon

287

gCO₂e/kWh

Renewables

48%

of generation

Wholesale 110 EUR/MWh · market market

Power market

Import dependence

Market model

Liberalised wholesale market (IPEX/GME)

Direct PPA

Allowed

grid access: open

Reserve margin

Regulator

Independent

ARERA (Autorita di Regolazione per Energia Reti e Ambiente)

Italy has the highest gas dependence in Western Europe (42% of generation). No nuclear since 1990, heavy reliance on North African pipeline gas (Algeria, Libya) and LNG imports. Industrial electricity prices are among…

Power markets: full layer →

Tracked infrastructure

145 gas plants

43.7 GW · 5 building

332 wind farms

9.7 GW · 3 building

39 solar farms

1.5 GW · 10 building

1 steel plants

7,800 ktpa

Operating assets tracked by Global Energy Monitor (CC BY 4.0); counts are tracked facilities, not exhaustive totals. Energy overview →

Metal mining

Tagged mines

136

none in the merged layer

Acid-drainage prone

30

high water-risk ore class

Main commodities

Silver, Iron, Other mine

Mine-water verifiability

Independent ambient only

EU member: EEA Waterbase ambient + ISPRA; E-PRTR facility…

Water risk is inferred from the ore class, not site measurements. Global mines: full layer →

Intra-EU sourcing risk

EU · 1 = lowest risk
Governance & rule of law5
Labour standards enforcement6
Regulatory enforcement gap4
Supply chain transparency5
Political & EU-integration risk4
Payment & insolvency risk7
Logistics & Nordic connectivity5

Full intra-EU profile → · methodology

Monitored ports (35)

GenovaSavonaImperiaLa SpeziaLivornoPiombinoCivitavecchiaNapoliSalernoGioia TauroCrotoneTarantoBrindisiBariManfredoniaAnconaRavennaVeneziaTriesteMonfalconeCagliariOlbiaPorto TorresArbataxOristanoMilazzoAugustaSiracusaGelaPorto EmpedocleTrapaniPalermoCataniaMessinaReggio di Calabria

Source: IMF PortWatch. Port count reflects monitoring coverage, not economic significance.

Demographics

UN World Population Prospects 2024 · medium variant

ASEAN demographics →

Median age

47.8

→ 52.9 by 2050

Fertility

1.21

below replacement

Working-age

63.5%

aged 15–64

Old-age dep.

38.8

→ 70.4 by 2050

Median age 1990–2050

Population 59.3M · peaks 2024

By 2050: -12% (51.9M)