EU member state. Compliance scores reflect the regulatory advantages of EU single market membership and are not directly comparable to non-EU sourcing countries.

Europe

Italy

EU Compliance · Geopolitical Risk · Sourcing Attractiveness · Intra-EU Risk

EU Compliance

lower score = lower risk

Full compliance profile →

Geopolitical Risk

lower score = lower risk

Full geopolitical profile →

Sourcing Attractiveness

higher score = more attractive

Full attractiveness profile →

Intra-EU Risk

lower score = lower risk

Full intra-EU profile →

Data layers

Electricity & grid

National sources · carbon from Ember

Electricity costs →

Industrial

166

EUR/MWh

Consumer

329

EUR/MWh, all-in

Grid carbon

287

gCO₂e/kWh

Renewables

48%

of generation

Wholesale 110 EUR/MWh · market market

Demographics

UN World Population Prospects 2024 · medium variant

ASEAN demographics →

Median age

47.8

→ 52.9 by 2050

Fertility

1.21

below replacement

Working-age

63.5%

aged 15–64

Old-age dep.

38.8

→ 70.4 by 2050

Median age 1990–2050

Population 59.3M · peaks 2024

By 2050: -12% (51.9M)

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