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EU member state. Compliance scores reflect the regulatory advantages of EU single market membership and are not directly comparable to non-EU sourcing countries.

Europe

Netherlands

EU Compliance · Geopolitical Risk · Sourcing Attractiveness · Intra-EU Risk

EU Compliance

lower score = lower risk

1.0

Geopolitical Risk

lower score = lower risk

1.6

Sourcing Attractiveness

higher score = more attractive

7.4

Intra-EU Risk

lower score = lower risk

1.9

Why these scores

EU Compliance, by dimension

Forced & child labour1
Worker rights & FOA1
OHS & audit transparency1
Food & product safety1
Environmental & regulatory1
Governance & anti-corruption1
Tariff & preferential access1
Non-tariff barriers1
Supply chain traceability1

1 = lowest risk · methodology & sources

Geopolitical Risk, by dimension

Geopolitical conflict1
Supplier concentration2
Climate & physical risk3
Sanctions exposure1
Policy continuity & property rights1

1 = lowest risk · methodology & sources

Attractiveness, by dimension

Labour cost competitiveness1
Supply base depth7
Logistics & infrastructure9
Workforce skills9
Scalability7
Ease of doing business9
Trade access & tariffs8
Sustainability baseline8
Innovation & IP7
Quality standards9

9 = most attractive · methodology & sources

Analyst scores, last reviewed June 2026; each dimension's sources and cadence are on its methodology page.

Data layers

Netherlands on the world stage

Netherlands$621.1bn total importsEU-2747.7% · $296.2bnGermany16.8% · $104.2bnUS10.0% · $61.8bnUSA9.9% · $61.8bnBelgium9.8% · $60.6bnChina8.6% · $53.2bnASEAN-65.0% · $31.3bnUnited Kingdom4.7% · $29.4bnJapan1.3% · $8.0bn

Total imports

$621.1bn

2024 annual

Total exports

$699.3bn

231 partners

#1 import source

Germany

16.8%

#1 export dest.

Germany

22.2%

2024 annual, UN Comtrade (HS TOTAL, all partners). Line colour: coverage (exports/imports per partner).

Intra-EU trade: Netherlands

EU imports from

€565.0bn

intra-EU flow

EU exports to

€333.5bn

intra-EU flow

Intra-EU rank

#3

by import value

EU trade balance

import-tilted

coverage 0.59

2025 annual totals, Eurostat COMEXT.

Electricity & grid

National sources · carbon from Ember

Electricity costs →

Industrial

65

EUR/MWh

Consumer

233

EUR/MWh, all-in

Grid carbon

253

gCO₂e/kWh

Renewables

48%

of generation

Wholesale 78 EUR/MWh · market market

Power market

Take-or-pay / single-buyer lock-in

Market model

Liberalised wholesale market (EPEX SPOT)

Direct PPA

Allowed

grid access: open

Reserve margin

Regulator

Independent

ACM (Authority for Consumers and Markets)

The Netherlands is transitioning from Europe's gas hub (Groningen field closed October 2024) to an offshore wind powerhouse, but legacy gas infrastructure and contracts create transition costs. Grid congestion is…

Power markets: full layer →

Tracked infrastructure

146 wind farms

8.1 GW · 14 building

64 solar farms

2.6 GW · 8 building

3 steel plants

7,500 ktpa

Operating assets tracked by Global Energy Monitor (CC BY 4.0); counts are tracked facilities, not exhaustive totals. Energy overview →

Metal mining

Tagged mines

1

none in the merged layer

Acid-drainage prone

1

high water-risk ore class

Main commodities

Copper

Mine-water verifiability

Independent ambient only

EU member: EEA Waterbase ambient (RWS/waterschappen); E-PRTR…

Water risk is inferred from the ore class, not site measurements. Global mines: full layer →

Intra-EU sourcing risk

EU · 1 = lowest risk
Governance & rule of law1
Labour standards enforcement2
Regulatory enforcement gap2
Supply chain transparency2
Political & EU-integration risk2
Payment & insolvency risk2
Logistics & Nordic connectivity2

Full intra-EU profile → · methodology

Monitored ports (14)

RotterdamEuropoortMaasvlakteDordrechtMoerdijkVlissingenTerneuzenAmsterdamZaandamBeverwijkVelsenDen HelderHarlingenDelfzijl

Source: IMF PortWatch. Port count reflects monitoring coverage, not economic significance.

Demographics

UN World Population Prospects 2024 · medium variant

ASEAN demographics →

Median age

41.4

→ 45.5 by 2050

Fertility

1.43

below replacement

Working-age

64.5%

aged 15–64

Old-age dep.

31.8

→ 43.8 by 2050

Median age 1990–2050

Population 18.2M · peaks 2041

By 2050: +4% (19M)