EU member state. Compliance scores reflect the regulatory advantages of EU single market membership and are not directly comparable to non-EU sourcing countries.
Europe
Poland
EU Compliance · Geopolitical Risk · Sourcing Attractiveness · Intra-EU Risk
Why these scores
EU Compliance, by dimension
1 = lowest risk · methodology & sources
Geopolitical Risk, by dimension
1 = lowest risk · methodology & sources
Attractiveness, by dimension
9 = most attractive · methodology & sources
Analyst scores, last reviewed June 2026; each dimension's sources and cadence are on its methodology page.
Data layers
Poland on the world stage
Total imports
$379.5bn
2024 annual
Total exports
$380.3bn
235 partners
#1 import source
Germany
19.2%
#1 export dest.
Germany
27.1%
2024 annual, UN Comtrade (HS TOTAL, all partners). Line colour: coverage (exports/imports per partner).
Intra-EU trade: Poland
EU imports from
€260.8bn
intra-EU flow
EU exports to
€270.1bn
intra-EU flow
Intra-EU rank
#8
by import value
EU trade balance
balanced or surplus
coverage 1.04
2025 annual totals, Eurostat COMEXT.
Electricity & grid
National sources · carbon from Ember
Industrial
130
EUR/MWh
Consumer
256
EUR/MWh, all-in
Grid carbon
616
gCO₂e/kWh
Renewables
30%
of generation
Wholesale 94 EUR/MWh · market market
Power market
● Take-or-pay / single-buyer lock-inMarket model
Liberalised wholesale market (TGE)
Direct PPA
Allowed
grid access: open
Reserve margin
–
Regulator
Independent
URE (Urzad Regulacji Energetyki / Energy Regulatory Office)
The EU's most coal-dependent member state (57% of generation) with no legislated coal phase-out date. Carbon intensity at approximately 616 gCO2/kWh is the highest in the EU. Rising EU ETS costs are making coal plants…
Tracked infrastructure
16 gas plants
3.2 GW · 7 building
136 coal plants
27.9 GW · 1 building
224 wind farms
7.5 GW · 21 building
23 solar farms
1.6 GW · 3 building
7 hydro plants
2.0 GW · 1 building
1 steel plants
5,000 ktpa
25 coal mines
capacity n/a
Operating assets tracked by Global Energy Monitor (CC BY 4.0); counts are tracked facilities, not exhaustive totals. Energy overview →
Metal mining
Tagged mines
164
7 production-backed
Acid-drainage prone
24
high water-risk ore class
Main commodities
Iron, Other mine, Copper
Mine-water verifiability
Independent ambient only
GIOS water-quality monitoring (open) + E-PRTR facility…
Water risk is inferred from the ore class, not site measurements. Global mines: full layer →
Intra-EU sourcing risk
EU · 1 = lowest riskMonitored ports (8)
Source: IMF PortWatch. Port count reflects monitoring coverage, not economic significance.
Demographics
UN World Population Prospects 2024 · medium variant
Median age
41.8
→ 51.8 by 2050
Fertility
1.3
below replacement
Working-age
65.1%
aged 15–64
Old-age dep.
31
→ 56.1 by 2050
Median age 1990–2050
Population 38.5M · peaks 2024
By 2050: -15% (32.8M)