EU member state. Compliance scores reflect the regulatory advantages of EU single market membership and are not directly comparable to non-EU sourcing countries.
Europe
Romania
EU Compliance · Geopolitical Risk · Sourcing Attractiveness · Intra-EU Risk
Why these scores
EU Compliance, by dimension
1 = lowest risk · methodology & sources
Geopolitical Risk, by dimension
1 = lowest risk · methodology & sources
Attractiveness, by dimension
9 = most attractive · methodology & sources
Analyst scores, last reviewed June 2026; each dimension's sources and cadence are on its methodology page.
Data layers
Romania on the world stage
Total imports
$136.5bn
2024 annual
Total exports
$100.4bn
205 partners
#1 import source
Germany
18.7%
#1 export dest.
Germany
20.5%
2024 annual, UN Comtrade (HS TOTAL, all partners). Line colour: coverage (exports/imports per partner).
Intra-EU trade: Romania
EU imports from
€64.5bn
intra-EU flow
EU exports to
€91.4bn
intra-EU flow
Intra-EU rank
#23
by import value
EU trade balance
balanced or surplus
coverage 1.42
2025 annual totals, Eurostat COMEXT.
Electricity & grid
National sources · carbon from Ember
Industrial
140
EUR/MWh
Consumer
190
EUR/MWh, all-in
Grid carbon
246
gCO₂e/kWh
Renewables
46%
of generation
Wholesale 103 EUR/MWh · market market
Power market
● Take-or-pay / single-buyer lock-inMarket model
Liberalised wholesale market (OPCOM)
Direct PPA
Allowed
grid access: open
Reserve margin
–
Regulator
Independent
ANRE (Autoritatea Nationala de Reglementare in Domeniul Energiei)
Romania has a diverse but ageing generation fleet: hydro (25%), nuclear (Cernavoda, 19%), coal (15%), gas (17%), and growing wind (13%). The coal phase-down has been repeatedly delayed due to mining employment concerns…
Tracked infrastructure
26 gas plants
2.9 GW · 3 building
11 coal plants
2.3 GW
77 wind farms
5.4 GW
13 solar farms
758 MW · 6 building
2 nuclear plants
1.4 GW
13 hydro plants
4.9 GW
2 steel plants
3,200 ktpa
8 coal mines
capacity n/a
Operating assets tracked by Global Energy Monitor (CC BY 4.0); counts are tracked facilities, not exhaustive totals. Energy overview →
Metal mining
Tagged mines
21
none in the merged layer
Acid-drainage prone
4
high water-risk ore class
Main commodities
Iron, Copper, Gold
Mine-water verifiability
Independent ambient only
EU member: EEA Waterbase ambient chemistry + E-PRTR facility…
Water risk is inferred from the ore class, not site measurements. Global mines: full layer →
Intra-EU sourcing risk
EU · 1 = lowest riskMonitored ports (4)
Source: IMF PortWatch. Port count reflects monitoring coverage, not economic significance.
Demographics
UN World Population Prospects 2024 · medium variant
Median age
42.9
→ 46.2 by 2050
Fertility
1.71
below replacement
Working-age
64.3%
aged 15–64
Old-age dep.
31.1
→ 48.1 by 2050
Median age 1990–2050
Population 19M · peaks 2024
By 2050: -16% (16M)