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Europe

United Kingdom

EU Compliance · Geopolitical Risk · Sourcing Attractiveness

EU Compliance

lower score = lower risk

2.7

Geopolitical Risk

lower score = lower risk

1.8

Sourcing Attractiveness

higher score = more attractive

6.2

Why these scores

EU Compliance, by dimension

Forced & child labour2
Worker rights & FOA2
OHS & audit transparency2
Food & product safety2
Environmental & regulatory2
Governance & anti-corruption3
Tariff & preferential access7
Non-tariff barriers2
Supply chain traceability2

1 = lowest risk · methodology & sources

Geopolitical Risk, by dimension

Geopolitical conflict2
Supplier concentration2
Climate & physical risk2
Sanctions exposure1
Policy continuity & property rights2

1 = lowest risk · methodology & sources

Attractiveness, by dimension

Labour cost competitiveness2
Supply base depth6
Logistics & infrastructure7
Workforce skills8
Scalability3
Ease of doing business7
Trade access & tariffs8
Sustainability baseline8
Innovation & IP5
Quality standards8

9 = most attractive · methodology & sources

Analyst scores, last reviewed June 2026; each dimension's sources and cadence are on its methodology page.

Data layers

The EU is United Kingdom's #1 import source (world lens). United Kingdom is the EU's #11 goods supplier.

United Kingdom on the world stage

United Kingdom$813.3bn total importsEU-2739.9% · $324.4bnChina12.1% · $98.5bnUSA11.6% · $94.7bnUS11.6% · $94.7bnGermany9.4% · $76.2bnFrance4.8% · $39.1bnItaly3.9% · $31.9bnASEAN-63.4% · $27.7bnJapan1.7% · $13.4bn

Total imports

$813.3bn

2024 annual

Total exports

$520.2bn

229 partners

#1 import source

China

12.1%

#1 export dest.

USA

14.1%

2024 annual, UN Comtrade (HS TOTAL, all partners). Line colour: coverage (exports/imports per partner).

United Kingdom and the EU

EU imports from

€159.8bn

6.3% of extra-EU

EU exports to

€345.5bn

13.1% of extra-EU

EU supplier rank

EU's #11 supplier

EU trade balance

balanced or surplus

coverage 2.16

2025 annual totals, Eurostat COMEXT. EU trade board →

Electricity & grid

National sources · carbon from Ember

Electricity costs →

Industrial

195

EUR/MWh

Consumer

311

EUR/MWh, all-in

Grid carbon

209

gCO₂e/kWh

Renewables

51%

of generation

Wholesale 85 EUR/MWh · market market

Power market

Transmission bottleneck

Market model

Liberalised wholesale market

Direct PPA

Allowed

grid access: open

Reserve margin

Regulator

Independent

Ofgem (Office of Gas and Electricity Markets)

Grid connection queue (over 500 GW of projects waiting), continued gas dependence for system flexibility (26%), import dependence (11%), and Hinkley Point C nuclear delays and cost overruns. Coal was fully phased out in…

Power markets: full layer →

Tracked infrastructure

97 gas plants

33.4 GW · 1 building

445 wind farms

26.6 GW · 28 building

89 solar farms

2.9 GW · 38 building

9 nuclear plants

6.5 GW · 2 building

4 steel plants

8,200 ktpa

3 coal mines

capacity n/a

Operating assets tracked by Global Energy Monitor (CC BY 4.0); counts are tracked facilities, not exhaustive totals. Energy overview →

Metal mining

Tagged mines

222

none in the merged layer

Acid-drainage prone

186

high water-risk ore class

Main commodities

Zinc, Iron, Copper

Mine-water verifiability

Independent ambient only

Environment Agency Water Quality Archive (open API) + SEPA…

Water risk is inferred from the ore class, not site measurements. Global mines: full layer →

Monitored ports (49)

Bluff HarborBelfastLondonderryWarrenpointLarneCairnryanTroonGreenockGlasgowHunterstonGrangemouthEdinburghLeithDundeeAberdeenPeterheadInvernessScapa FlowLerwickSullom VoeFlottaLiverpoolBirkenheadEllesmere PortManchesterBarrow-in-FurnessWorkingtonWhitehavenBristolAvonmouthCardiffSwanseaPort TalbotMilford HavenPembrokePlymouthFalmouthSouthamptonPortsmouthPortlandPooleLondonTilburySheernessChathamImminghamGrimsbyHullTees

Source: IMF PortWatch. Port count reflects monitoring coverage, not economic significance.

Demographics

UN World Population Prospects 2024 · medium variant

ASEAN demographics →

Median age

40

→ 42.9 by 2050

Fertility

1.55

below replacement

Working-age

63.3%

aged 15–64

Old-age dep.

30.8

→ 40.9 by 2050

Median age 1990–2050

Population 69.1M · peaks 2072

By 2050: +9% (75.5M)