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Oceania

Australia

EU Compliance · Geopolitical Risk · Sourcing Attractiveness

EU Compliance

lower score = lower risk

2.2

Geopolitical Risk

lower score = lower risk

2.6

Sourcing Attractiveness

higher score = more attractive

6.1

Why these scores

EU Compliance, by dimension

Forced & child labour1
Worker rights & FOA2
OHS & audit transparency2
Food & product safety1
Environmental & regulatory2
Governance & anti-corruption2
Tariff & preferential access6
Non-tariff barriers2
Supply chain traceability2

1 = lowest risk · methodology & sources

Geopolitical Risk, by dimension

Geopolitical conflict2
Supplier concentration5
Climate & physical risk4
Sanctions exposure1
Policy continuity & property rights1

1 = lowest risk · methodology & sources

Attractiveness, by dimension

Labour cost competitiveness1
Supply base depth6
Logistics & infrastructure8
Workforce skills8
Scalability3
Ease of doing business8
Trade access & tariffs7
Sustainability baseline8
Innovation & IP4
Quality standards8

9 = most attractive · methodology & sources

Analyst scores, last reviewed June 2026; each dimension's sources and cadence are on its methodology page.

Data layers

The EU is Australia's #2 import source (world lens). Australia is the EU's #60 goods supplier.

Australia on the world stage

Australia$296.5bn total importsChina25.5% · $75.7bnASEAN-616.8% · $49.8bnEU-2714.6% · $43.4bnUS11.7% · $34.7bnUSA11.7% · $34.7bnJapan5.9% · $17.4bnRep. of Korea5.6% · $16.5bnThailand4.6% · $13.5bn

Total imports

$296.5bn

2024 annual

Total exports

$340.9bn

213 partners

#1 import source

China

25.5%

#1 export dest.

China

30.1%

2024 annual, UN Comtrade (HS TOTAL, all partners). Line colour: coverage (exports/imports per partner).

Australia and the EU

EU imports from

€10.3bn

0.4% of extra-EU

EU exports to

€37.0bn

1.4% of extra-EU

EU supplier rank

EU's #60 supplier

EU trade balance

balanced or surplus

coverage 3.58

2025 annual totals, Eurostat COMEXT. EU trade board →

Electricity & grid

National sources · carbon from Ember

Electricity costs →

Industrial

75

EUR/MWh

Consumer

198

EUR/MWh, all-in

Grid carbon

552

gCO₂e/kWh

Renewables

38%

of generation

Wholesale 53 EUR/MWh · market market

Power market

Transmission bottleneck

Market model

Liberalised wholesale market (NEM + SWIS)

Direct PPA

Allowed

grid access: open

Reserve margin

Regulator

Independent

AER (Australian Energy Regulator) + AEMC (rule-maker)

The oldest coal fleet in the developed world is retiring faster than replacement transmission and firming can be built. Transmission constraints between renewable energy zones and demand centres delay integration, while…

Power markets: full layer →

Tracked infrastructure

96 gas plants

14.6 GW · 1 building

109 wind farms

11.4 GW · 23 building

102 solar farms

10.8 GW · 16 building

25 hydro plants

7.4 GW · 2 building

3 steel plants

4,400 ktpa

93 coal mines

capacity n/a

Operating assets tracked by Global Energy Monitor (CC BY 4.0); counts are tracked facilities, not exhaustive totals. Energy overview →

Metal mining

Tagged mines

596

159 production-backed

Acid-drainage prone

69

high water-risk ore class

Main commodities

Gold, Iron, Other mine

Mine-water verifiability

Partial

state EPA open data (WA, QLD, NSW)

Water risk is inferred from the ore class, not site measurements. Global mines: full layer →

Monitored ports (46)

WyndhamDarwinGoveWeipaCairnsTownsvilleAbbot PointMackayHay PointGladstoneBundabergBrisbaneNewcastleSydneyPort KemblaEdenMelbourneGeelongPortlandPort AdelaideWhyallaPort PiriePort LincolnThevenardCedunaPort AugustaWallarooEsperanceAlbanyBunburyFremantleKwinanaGeraldtonDampierPort HedlandBroomeCape LambertBarrow IslandBurnieDevonportLauncestonHobartBell BaySpring BayRisdonTrial Bay

Source: IMF PortWatch. Port count reflects monitoring coverage, not economic significance.

Demographics

UN World Population Prospects 2024 · medium variant

ASEAN demographics →

Median age

38

→ 42 by 2050

Fertility

1.64

below replacement

Working-age

64.4%

aged 15–64

Old-age dep.

27.5

→ 39.5 by 2050

Median age 1990–2050

Population 26.7M · still growing past 2100

By 2050: +22% (32.5M)