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Southeast Asia

Indonesia

EU Compliance · Geopolitical Risk · Sourcing Attractiveness

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EU Compliance

lower score = lower risk

5.2

Geopolitical Risk

lower score = lower risk

3.8

Sourcing Attractiveness

higher score = more attractive

5.2

Why these scores

EU Compliance, by dimension

Forced & child labour5
Worker rights & FOA6
OHS & audit transparency5
Food & product safety4
Environmental & regulatory6
Governance & anti-corruption7
Tariff & preferential access4
Non-tariff barriers5
Supply chain traceability5

1 = lowest risk · methodology & sources

Geopolitical Risk, by dimension

Geopolitical conflict3
Supplier concentration5
Climate & physical risk7
Sanctions exposure1
Policy continuity & property rights3

1 = lowest risk · methodology & sources

Attractiveness, by dimension

Labour cost competitiveness7
Supply base depth5
Logistics & infrastructure5
Workforce skills5
Scalability5
Ease of doing business5
Trade access & tariffs4
Sustainability baseline4
Innovation & IP7
Quality standards5

9 = most attractive · methodology & sources

Analyst scores, last reviewed June 2026; each dimension's sources and cadence are on its methodology page.

Data layers

The EU is Indonesia's #4 import source (world lens). Indonesia is the EU's #47 goods supplier.

Indonesia on the world stage

Indonesia$235.1bn total importsChina31.4% · $73.8bnASEAN-621.5% · $50.4bnSingapore9.2% · $21.5bnJapan6.4% · $15.0bnEU-275.5% · $13.0bnUS5.1% · $12.0bnUSA5.1% · $12.0bnMalaysia4.6% · $10.9bn

Total imports

$235.1bn

2024 annual

Total exports

$266.3bn

230 partners

#1 import source

China

31.4%

#1 export dest.

China

23.6%

2024 annual, UN Comtrade (HS TOTAL, all partners). Line colour: coverage (exports/imports per partner).

Indonesia and the EU

EU imports from

€18.9bn

0.7% of extra-EU

EU exports to

€10.2bn

0.4% of extra-EU

EU supplier rank

EU's #47 supplier

EU trade balance

import-tilted

coverage 0.54

2025 annual totals, Eurostat COMEXT. EU trade board →

Electricity & grid

National sources · carbon from Ember

Electricity costs →

Industrial

67

EUR/MWh

Consumer

87

EUR/MWh, all-in

Grid carbon

682

gCO₂e/kWh

Renewables

18%

of generation

Wholesale 69 EUR/MWh · regulated market

Power market

Take-or-pay / single-buyer lock-in

Market model

Single-buyer monopoly

Direct PPA

Prohibited

grid access: closed

Reserve margin

18%

Regulator

Not independent

Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR/ESDM)

A single-buyer PLN locked into coal and take-or-pay IPP contracts on an oversupplied Java–Bali grid has neither the room nor the incentive to absorb renewables, while heavy industry escapes into off-grid captive coal, so…

Power markets: full layer →

Tracked infrastructure

68 gas plants

19.8 GW · 9 building

265 coal plants

54.7 GW · 35 building

5 solar farms

532 MW · 1 building

20 hydro plants

4.6 GW · 6 building

5 steel plants

13,300 ktpa · 2 building

154 coal mines

capacity n/a

Operating assets tracked by Global Energy Monitor (CC BY 4.0); counts are tracked facilities, not exhaustive totals. Energy overview →

Metal mining

Tagged mines

79

21 production-backed

Acid-drainage prone

20

high water-risk ore class

Main commodities

Gold, Nickel, Aluminium

Mine-water verifiability

Blind spot

Onlimo / Sparing systems exist but are closed

Water risk is inferred from the ore class, not site measurements. Global mines: full layer →

Monitored ports (64)

SibolgaLhokseumaweBelawanDumaiPerawangSungai PakningTanjung PinangBatamPalembangJambiPadangBengkuluTanjung PandanMuntokPangkal PinangSungailiatTanjung PriokMerakCirebonSemarangTanjung EmasCilacapSurabayaGresikTubanProbolinggoBanyuwangiBenoaLembarBimaKupangPontianakSampitBanjarmasinBalikpapanSamarindaBontangTarakanNunukanMakassarPare-PareKendariBau-BauBitungGorontaloTernateAmbonSorongManokwariJayapuraMeraukeTanjung BaraPulau BunyuSangattaMuara PantaiTanjung RedebBerauLuwukToli-ToliPantoloanKolakaPomalaPomalaaMorowali

Source: IMF PortWatch. Port count reflects monitoring coverage, not economic significance.

Demographics

UN World Population Prospects 2024 · medium variant

ASEAN demographics →

Median age

30.1

→ 36.8 by 2050

Fertility

2.11

above replacement

Working-age

68.1%

aged 15–64

Old-age dep.

10.7

→ 23.1 by 2050

Median age 1990–2050

Population 284M · peaks 2058

By 2050: +13% (321M)

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