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East Asia

Japan

EU Compliance · Geopolitical Risk · Sourcing Attractiveness

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EU Compliance

lower score = lower risk

1.7

Geopolitical Risk

lower score = lower risk

2.6

Sourcing Attractiveness

higher score = more attractive

7.4

Why these scores

EU Compliance, by dimension

Forced & child labour1
Worker rights & FOA2
OHS & audit transparency2
Food & product safety1
Environmental & regulatory2
Governance & anti-corruption2
Tariff & preferential access2
Non-tariff barriers1
Supply chain traceability2

1 = lowest risk · methodology & sources

Geopolitical Risk, by dimension

Geopolitical conflict2
Supplier concentration3
Climate & physical risk6
Sanctions exposure1
Policy continuity & property rights1

1 = lowest risk · methodology & sources

Attractiveness, by dimension

Labour cost competitiveness2
Supply base depth8
Logistics & infrastructure9
Workforce skills9
Scalability8
Ease of doing business8
Trade access & tariffs9
Sustainability baseline8
Innovation & IP4
Quality standards9

9 = most attractive · methodology & sources

Analyst scores, last reviewed June 2026; each dimension's sources and cadence are on its methodology page.

Data layers

The EU is Japan's #3 import source (world lens). Japan is the EU's #25 goods supplier.

Japan on the world stage

Japan$742.7bn total importsChina22.5% · $167.1bnASEAN-614.9% · $110.8bnUS11.4% · $85.0bnUSA11.4% · $85.0bnEU-2710.5% · $78.3bnAustralia7.1% · $52.9bnUnited Arab Emirates5.0% · $36.8bnRep. of Korea4.2% · $31.4bn

Total imports

$742.7bn

2024 annual

Total exports

$707.4bn

217 partners

#1 import source

China

22.5%

#1 export dest.

USA

20.0%

2024 annual, UN Comtrade (HS TOTAL, all partners). Line colour: coverage (exports/imports per partner).

Japan and the EU

EU imports from

€63.4bn

2.5% of extra-EU

EU exports to

€65.8bn

2.5% of extra-EU

EU supplier rank

EU's #25 supplier

EU trade balance

balanced or surplus

coverage 1.04

2025 annual totals, Eurostat COMEXT. EU trade board →

Electricity & grid

National sources · carbon from Ember

Electricity costs →

Industrial

182

EUR/MWh

Consumer

223

EUR/MWh, all-in

Grid carbon

482

gCO₂e/kWh

Renewables

27%

of generation

Wholesale 83 EUR/MWh · hybrid market

Power market

Transmission bottleneck

Market model

Liberalised wholesale market

Direct PPA

Allowed

grid access: open

Reserve margin

Regulator

Not independent

OCCTO (system coordination) + METI (policy)

A frequency split (50 Hz east, 60 Hz west) with limited converter capacity fragments the national grid. Post-Fukushima nuclear restarts remain slow, leaving the system reliant on expensive LNG imports despite a…

Power markets: full layer →

Tracked infrastructure

207 gas plants

77.7 GW · 3 building

141 wind farms

3.5 GW · 33 building

325 solar farms

12.5 GW · 12 building

12 nuclear plants

11.6 GW · 2 building

83 hydro plants

34.7 GW · 1 building

13 steel plants

78,477 ktpa · 1 building

1 coal mines

capacity n/a

Operating assets tracked by Global Energy Monitor (CC BY 4.0); counts are tracked facilities, not exhaustive totals. Energy overview →

Metal mining

Tagged mines

5

none in the merged layer

Acid-drainage prone

2

high water-risk ore class

Main commodities

Silver, Copper, Other mine

Mine-water verifiability

Independent ambient only

national water-quality monitoring under the Water Pollution…

Water risk is inferred from the ore class, not site measurements. Global mines: full layer →

Monitored ports (94)

TsurugaUbeAkitaShimizuNanaoHososhimaMuroranKinuuraIshinomakiNiigataSendaiOnahamaSaganosekiTokuyamaWakayamaYonakuniKashimaOitaSakataFushiki-ToyamaKawasakiYokohamaFunabashiTokyoChibaKisarazuHachinoheTomakomaiYokkaichiMizushimaShibushiNoshiroKobeOsakaHakataKanazawaMatsuyamaHiroshimaKitakyushuSaikiImariNaoetsuAmagasakiSakaiNagoyaIsaMiikeOmaezakiNiihamaShibataKokuraIwakuniYatsushiroNahaSaseboKaratsuTokushimaKomatsushimaTakamatsuSakaideMarugameImabariMishimaOnomichiKureShimonosekiOfunatoKamaishiMiyakoHitachinakaRumoiNemuroKushiroOtaruHakodateAomoriNoshiro PortMojiNagasakiKagoshimaWakkanaiAbashiriMonbetsuIshikariTobishimaShimotsuKainanHigashiharimaHimejiAioiTakahagiHitachiTsu-MatsusakaOwase

Source: IMF PortWatch. Port count reflects monitoring coverage, not economic significance.

Demographics

UN World Population Prospects 2024 · medium variant

ASEAN demographics →

Median age

49.4

→ 52.8 by 2050

Fertility

1.22

below replacement

Working-age

58.8%

aged 15–64

Old-age dep.

50.7

→ 73.1 by 2050

Median age 1990–2050

Population 124M · peaks 2024

By 2050: -15% (105M)

japan across this site