Central Asia
Kazakhstan
EU Compliance · Geopolitical Risk · Sourcing Attractiveness
Market-entry intelligence →Why these scores
EU Compliance, by dimension
1 = lowest risk · methodology & sources
Geopolitical Risk, by dimension
1 = lowest risk · methodology & sources
Attractiveness, by dimension
9 = most attractive · methodology & sources
Analyst scores, last reviewed June 2026; each dimension's sources and cadence are on its methodology page.
Data layers
The EU is Kazakhstan's #3 import source (world lens). Kazakhstan is the EU's #33 goods supplier.
Kazakhstan on the world stage
Total imports
$59.8bn
2024 annual
Total exports
$81.6bn
180 partners
#1 import source
Russian Federation
30.5%
#1 export dest.
Italy
22.9%
2024 annual, UN Comtrade (HS TOTAL, all partners). Line colour: coverage (exports/imports per partner).
Kazakhstan and the EU
EU imports from
€30.9bn
1.2% of extra-EU
EU exports to
€10.6bn
0.4% of extra-EU
EU supplier rank
EU's #33 supplier
EU trade balance
one-sided
coverage 0.34
2025 annual totals, Eurostat COMEXT. EU trade board →
Electricity & grid
National sources · carbon from Ember
Industrial
30
EUR/MWh
Consumer
38
EUR/MWh, all-in
Grid carbon
801
gCO₂e/kWh
Renewables
10%
of generation
Wholesale 19 EUR/MWh · regulated market
Power market
● Take-or-pay / single-buyer lock-inMarket model
Bilateral wholesale + centralised markets
Direct PPA
Limited
grid access: limited
Reserve margin
–
Regulator
Not independent
Committee for Regulation of Natural Monopolies (KREM), Ministry of National Economy
A coal-dominated fleet with ageing Soviet-era plant, a growing supply deficit (2.4 TWh shortfall in 2024), and a wholesale market where the single-buyer mechanism for renewables sits alongside a bilateral-contract bulk…
Tracked infrastructure
34 gas plants
4.0 GW · 10 building
97 coal plants
13.4 GW · 1 building
12 wind farms
648 MW · 4 building
23 solar farms
1.2 GW
6 hydro plants
2.6 GW
1 steel plants
6,000 ktpa
18 coal mines
capacity n/a
Operating assets tracked by Global Energy Monitor (CC BY 4.0); counts are tracked facilities, not exhaustive totals. Energy overview →
Metal mining
Tagged mines
75
29 production-backed
Acid-drainage prone
27
high water-risk ore class
Main commodities
Other mine, Copper, Gold
Mine-water verifiability
Partial
national water-monitoring network; PRTR acceded 2020,…
Water risk is inferred from the ore class, not site measurements. Global mines: full layer →
Demographics
UN World Population Prospects 2024 · medium variant
Median age
29.6
→ 31.2 by 2050
Fertility
2.98
above replacement
Working-age
62%
aged 15–64
Old-age dep.
14
→ 22.4 by 2050
Median age 1990–2050
Population 20.6M · still growing past 2100
By 2050: +29% (26.5M)