East Asia
Mongolia
EU Compliance · Geopolitical Risk · Sourcing Attractiveness
Why these scores
EU Compliance, by dimension
1 = lowest risk · methodology & sources
Geopolitical Risk, by dimension
1 = lowest risk · methodology & sources
Attractiveness, by dimension
9 = most attractive · methodology & sources
Analyst scores, last reviewed June 2026; each dimension's sources and cadence are on its methodology page.
Data layers
The EU is Mongolia's #3 import source (world lens). Mongolia is the EU's #148 goods supplier.
Mongolia on the world stage
Total imports
$9.3bn
2023 annual
Total exports
$15.2bn
152 partners
#1 import source
China
40.5%
#1 export dest.
China
91.2%
2023 annual, UN Comtrade (HS TOTAL, all partners). Line colour: coverage (exports/imports per partner).
Mongolia and the EU
EU imports from
€83m
0.0% of extra-EU
EU exports to
€836m
0.0% of extra-EU
EU supplier rank
EU's #148 supplier
EU trade balance
balanced or surplus
coverage 10.11
2025 annual totals, Eurostat COMEXT. EU trade board →
Electricity & grid
National sources · carbon from Ember
Industrial
67
EUR/MWh
Consumer
67
EUR/MWh, all-in
Grid carbon
784
gCO₂e/kWh
Renewables
8%
of generation
regulated market
Power market
● Take-or-pay / single-buyer lock-inMarket model
State-owned utilities (ERC oversight)
Direct PPA
None
grid access: closed
Reserve margin
–
Regulator
Not independent
ERC (Energy Regulatory Commission)
80% coal from domestic mines, ageing Soviet-era thermal plant, imports roughly 10% from Russia. Massive wind and solar potential in the Gobi remains untapped. Proposed Gobi wind/solar export projects to China have…
Tracked infrastructure
Operating assets tracked by Global Energy Monitor (CC BY 4.0); counts are tracked facilities, not exhaustive totals. Energy overview →
Metal mining
Tagged mines
5
1 production-backed
Acid-drainage prone
4
high water-risk ore class
Main commodities
Copper, Other mine
Mine-water verifiability
Partial
open Mongolian-plateau lake dataset + national network
Water risk is inferred from the ore class, not site measurements. Global mines: full layer →
Demographics
UN World Population Prospects 2024 · medium variant
Median age
26.9
→ 32 by 2050
Fertility
2.63
above replacement
Working-age
62.7%
aged 15–64
Old-age dep.
8.2
→ 19.6 by 2050
Median age 1990–2050
Population 3.48M · still growing past 2100
By 2050: +29% (4.5M)