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East Asia

South Korea

EU Compliance · Geopolitical Risk · Sourcing Attractiveness

Market-entry intelligence →

EU Compliance

lower score = lower risk

2.1

Geopolitical Risk

lower score = lower risk

3.2

Sourcing Attractiveness

higher score = more attractive

7.1

Why these scores

EU Compliance, by dimension

Forced & child labour1
Worker rights & FOA3
OHS & audit transparency2
Food & product safety2
Environmental & regulatory2
Governance & anti-corruption3
Tariff & preferential access2
Non-tariff barriers2
Supply chain traceability2

1 = lowest risk · methodology & sources

Geopolitical Risk, by dimension

Geopolitical conflict4
Supplier concentration5
Climate & physical risk4
Sanctions exposure1
Policy continuity & property rights2

1 = lowest risk · methodology & sources

Attractiveness, by dimension

Labour cost competitiveness2
Supply base depth8
Logistics & infrastructure9
Workforce skills9
Scalability8
Ease of doing business7
Trade access & tariffs9
Sustainability baseline7
Innovation & IP3
Quality standards9

9 = most attractive · methodology & sources

Analyst scores, last reviewed June 2026; each dimension's sources and cadence are on its methodology page.

Data layers

The EU is South Korea's #3 import source (world lens). South Korea is the EU's #21 goods supplier.

South Korea on the world stage

South Korea$631.7bn total importsChina22.1% · $139.9bnASEAN-612.2% · $77.2bnUSA11.5% · $72.5bnUS11.5% · $72.5bnEU-2710.3% · $64.8bnJapan7.5% · $47.6bnSaudi Arabia5.0% · $31.4bnOther Asia, nes4.8% · $30.2bn

Total imports

$631.7bn

2024 annual

Total exports

$683.1bn

229 partners

#1 import source

China

22.1%

#1 export dest.

China

19.5%

2024 annual, UN Comtrade (HS TOTAL, all partners). Line colour: coverage (exports/imports per partner).

South Korea and the EU

EU imports from

€69.8bn

2.8% of extra-EU

EU exports to

€54.6bn

2.1% of extra-EU

EU supplier rank

EU's #21 supplier

EU trade balance

import-tilted

coverage 0.78

2025 annual totals, Eurostat COMEXT. EU trade board →

Electricity & grid

National sources · carbon from Ember

Electricity costs →

Industrial

117

EUR/MWh

Consumer

104

EUR/MWh, all-in

Grid carbon

414

gCO₂e/kWh

Renewables

10%

of generation

Wholesale 85 EUR/MWh · regulated market

Power market

Take-or-pay / single-buyer lock-in

Market model

Single buyer (KEPCO monopoly)

Direct PPA

Limited

grid access: limited

Reserve margin

22%

Regulator

Not independent

MOTIE (Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy)

KEPCO monopoly over generation, transmission, and distribution locks in a coal/nuclear policy oscillation between administrations. KEPCO carries roughly KRW 30 trillion in accumulated debt from frozen retail tariffs that…

Power markets: full layer →

Tracked infrastructure

86 gas plants

42.3 GW · 5 building

81 coal plants

41.2 GW · 1 building

40 wind farms

1.2 GW · 10 building

23 solar farms

1.7 GW · 8 building

26 nuclear plants

27.1 GW · 2 building

3 steel plants

56,000 ktpa

4 coal mines

capacity n/a

Operating assets tracked by Global Energy Monitor (CC BY 4.0); counts are tracked facilities, not exhaustive totals. Energy overview →

Monitored ports (11)

BusanIncheonUlsanPohangYeosuGwangyangDaesanPyeongtaekGunsanMokpoJeju

Source: IMF PortWatch. Port count reflects monitoring coverage, not economic significance.

Demographics

UN World Population Prospects 2024 · medium variant

ASEAN demographics →

Median age

45.1

→ 56.7 by 2050

Fertility

0.73

below replacement

Working-age

70.2%

aged 15–64

Old-age dep.

27.5

→ 75.6 by 2050

Median age 1990–2050

Population 51.7M · peaks 2024

By 2050: -13% (45.1M)

south-korea across this site