← Country index

Southeast Asia

Thailand

EU Compliance · Geopolitical Risk · Sourcing Attractiveness

Market-entry intelligence →

EU Compliance

lower score = lower risk

4.8

Geopolitical Risk

lower score = lower risk

3.0

Sourcing Attractiveness

higher score = more attractive

5.8

Why these scores

EU Compliance, by dimension

Forced & child labour5
Worker rights & FOA6
OHS & audit transparency5
Food & product safety4
Environmental & regulatory3
Governance & anti-corruption7
Tariff & preferential access4
Non-tariff barriers4
Supply chain traceability5

1 = lowest risk · methodology & sources

Geopolitical Risk, by dimension

Geopolitical conflict3
Supplier concentration3
Climate & physical risk5
Sanctions exposure1
Policy continuity & property rights3

1 = lowest risk · methodology & sources

Attractiveness, by dimension

Labour cost competitiveness5
Supply base depth7
Logistics & infrastructure7
Workforce skills6
Scalability5
Ease of doing business6
Trade access & tariffs5
Sustainability baseline5
Innovation & IP6
Quality standards6

9 = most attractive · methodology & sources

Analyst scores, last reviewed June 2026; each dimension's sources and cadence are on its methodology page.

Data layers

The EU is Thailand's #5 import source (world lens). Thailand is the EU's #35 goods supplier.

Thailand on the world stage

Thailand$307.6bn total importsChina26.2% · $80.6bnASEAN-613.8% · $42.3bnJapan9.3% · $28.7bnOther Asia, nes6.7% · $20.7bnUS6.4% · $19.8bnUSA6.4% · $19.8bnEU-276.3% · $19.3bnUnited Arab Emirates5.6% · $17.4bn

Total imports

$307.6bn

2024 annual

Total exports

$300.8bn

229 partners

#1 import source

China

26.2%

#1 export dest.

USA

18.3%

2024 annual, UN Comtrade (HS TOTAL, all partners). Line colour: coverage (exports/imports per partner).

Thailand and the EU

EU imports from

€29.8bn

1.2% of extra-EU

EU exports to

€14.4bn

0.5% of extra-EU

EU supplier rank

EU's #35 supplier

EU trade balance

one-sided

coverage 0.48

2025 annual totals, Eurostat COMEXT. EU trade board →

Electricity & grid

National sources · carbon from Ember

Electricity costs →

Industrial

116

EUR/MWh

Consumer

118

EUR/MWh, all-in

Grid carbon

555

gCO₂e/kWh

Renewables

20%

of generation

Wholesale 76 EUR/MWh · regulated market

Power market

Take-or-pay / single-buyer lock-in

Market model

Enhanced single buyer

Direct PPA

Pilot

grid access: limited

Reserve margin

26%

Regulator

Independent

Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC)

Take-or-pay gas PPAs under an EGAT single-buyer leave ratepayers funding roughly 11 GW of barely-used gas capacity while tariffs are indexed to rising LNG imports, so Thailand runs a 26 percent reserve margin and high,…

Power markets: full layer →

Tracked infrastructure

114 gas plants

36.1 GW · 8 building

26 solar farms

1.3 GW · 1 building

1 coal mines

capacity n/a

Operating assets tracked by Global Energy Monitor (CC BY 4.0); counts are tracked facilities, not exhaustive totals. Energy overview →

Metal mining

Tagged mines

1

none in the merged layer

Acid-drainage prone

1

high water-risk ore class

Main commodities

Zinc

Mine-water verifiability

Partial

Pollution Control Department + MRC Mekong monitoring

Water risk is inferred from the ore class, not site measurements. Global mines: full layer →

Monitored ports (10)

BangkokLaem ChabangMap Ta PhutSattahipSongkhlaSurat ThaniPhuketRanongKo Si ChangSri Racha

Source: IMF PortWatch. Port count reflects monitoring coverage, not economic significance.

Demographics

UN World Population Prospects 2024 · medium variant

ASEAN demographics →

Median age

40.1

→ 48.6 by 2050

Fertility

1.2

below replacement

Working-age

69.9%

aged 15–64

Old-age dep.

22

→ 50.2 by 2050

Median age 1990–2050

Population 71.7M · peaks 2024

By 2050: -7% (66.4M)

thailand across this site