East Asia
China
EU Compliance · Geopolitical Risk · Sourcing Attractiveness
Market-entry intelligence →Why these scores
EU Compliance, by dimension
1 = lowest risk · methodology & sources
Geopolitical Risk, by dimension
1 = lowest risk · methodology & sources
Attractiveness, by dimension
9 = most attractive · methodology & sources
Analyst scores, last reviewed June 2026; each dimension's sources and cadence are on its methodology page.
Data layers
The EU is China's #1 import source (world lens). China is the EU's #2 goods supplier.
China on the world stage
Total imports
$2.6tn
2024 annual
Total exports
$3.6tn
216 partners
#1 import source
Other Asia, nes
8.4%
#1 export dest.
USA
14.7%
2024 annual, UN Comtrade (HS TOTAL, all partners). Line colour: coverage (exports/imports per partner).
China and the EU
EU imports from
€571.3bn
22.6% of extra-EU
EU exports to
€199.5bn
7.5% of extra-EU
EU supplier rank
EU's #2 supplier
EU trade balance
one-sided
coverage 0.35
2025 annual totals, Eurostat COMEXT. EU trade board →
Electricity & grid
National sources · carbon from Ember
Industrial
80
EUR/MWh
Consumer
72
EUR/MWh, all-in
Grid carbon
560
gCO₂e/kWh
Renewables
36%
of generation
Wholesale 60 EUR/MWh · regulated market
Power market
● Transmission bottleneckMarket model
Provincial spot markets under state grid control
Direct PPA
Limited
grid access: limited
Reserve margin
–
Regulator
Not independent
NDRC / National Energy Administration (NEA)
Coal lock-in despite world-leading renewable deployment (1,482 GW wind+solar by Q1 2025, exceeding coal capacity for the first time). Provincial market fragmentation, interprovincial transmission constraints, and…
Tracked infrastructure
377 gas plants
109.0 GW · 117 building
3,230 coal plants
1171.4 GW · 311 building
4,244 wind farms
310.3 GW · 449 building
5,237 solar farms
457.1 GW · 1171 building
58 nuclear plants
58.1 GW · 30 building
498 hydro plants
324.7 GW · 136 building
326 steel plants
938,405 ktpa · 26 building
1,153 coal mines
capacity n/a
Operating assets tracked by Global Energy Monitor (CC BY 4.0); counts are tracked facilities, not exhaustive totals. Energy overview →
Metal mining
Tagged mines
109
19 production-backed
Acid-drainage prone
27
high water-risk ore class
Main commodities
Iron, Gold, Aluminium
Mine-water verifiability
Blind spot
no open discharge data
Water risk is inferred from the ore class, not site measurements. Global mines: full layer →
Monitored ports (65)
Source: IMF PortWatch. Port count reflects monitoring coverage, not economic significance.
Demographics
UN World Population Prospects 2024 · medium variant
Median age
39.6
→ 52.1 by 2050
Fertility
1.01
below replacement
Working-age
69.3%
aged 15–64
Old-age dep.
21.2
→ 52.3 by 2050
Median age 1990–2050
Population 1419M · peaks 2024
By 2050: -11% (1260M)