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Turkey

EU Compliance · Geopolitical Risk · Sourcing Attractiveness

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EU Compliance

lower score = lower risk

3.9

Geopolitical Risk

lower score = lower risk

4.4

Sourcing Attractiveness

higher score = more attractive

6.3

Why these scores

EU Compliance, by dimension

Forced & child labour4
Worker rights & FOA4
OHS & audit transparency4
Food & product safety3
Environmental & regulatory4
Governance & anti-corruption7
Tariff & preferential access2
Non-tariff barriers3
Supply chain traceability4

1 = lowest risk · methodology & sources

Geopolitical Risk, by dimension

Geopolitical conflict5
Supplier concentration4
Climate & physical risk5
Sanctions exposure3
Policy continuity & property rights5

1 = lowest risk · methodology & sources

Attractiveness, by dimension

Labour cost competitiveness5
Supply base depth7
Logistics & infrastructure8
Workforce skills6
Scalability7
Ease of doing business5
Trade access & tariffs6
Sustainability baseline5
Innovation & IP7
Quality standards7

9 = most attractive · methodology & sources

Analyst scores, last reviewed June 2026; each dimension's sources and cadence are on its methodology page.

Data layers

The EU is Turkey's #1 import source (world lens). Turkey is the EU's #17 goods supplier.

Turkey on the world stage

Turkey$374.1bn total importsEU-273.0% · $11.1bnRep. of Korea2.5% · $9.2bnUSA2.4% · $8.8bnUS2.4% · $8.8bnUnited Kingdom1.8% · $6.8bnASEAN-60.7% · $2.5bnEgypt0.5% · $2.0bnJapan0.5% · $1.9bnChina0.3% · $1.1bn

Total imports

$374.1bn

2024 annual

Total exports

$281.1bn

211 partners

#1 import source

Rep. of Korea

2.5%

#1 export dest.

Germany

7.3%

2024 annual, UN Comtrade (HS TOTAL, all partners). Line colour: coverage (exports/imports per partner).

Turkey and the EU

EU imports from

€103.4bn

4.1% of extra-EU

EU exports to

€114.0bn

4.3% of extra-EU

EU supplier rank

EU's #17 supplier

EU trade balance

balanced or surplus

coverage 1.10

2025 annual totals, Eurostat COMEXT. EU trade board →

Electricity & grid

National sources · carbon from Ember

Electricity costs →

Industrial

124

EUR/MWh

Consumer

73

EUR/MWh, all-in

Grid carbon

470

gCO₂e/kWh

Renewables

43%

of generation

Wholesale 84 EUR/MWh · hybrid market

Power market

Take-or-pay / single-buyer lock-in

Market model

Liberalised wholesale exchange

Direct PPA

Allowed

grid access: open

Reserve margin

Regulator

Independent

EMRA (Energy Market Regulatory Authority)

Coal lock-in (35%, including lignite), gas import dependence (pipeline from Russia/Iran/Azerbaijan, plus LNG), and rapid demand growth outpacing renewable buildout. Akkuyu nuclear plant (Rosatom) commissioning in 2025…

Power markets: full layer →

Tracked infrastructure

312 wind farms

11.3 GW · 19 building

27 solar farms

2.4 GW · 4 building

0 nuclear plants

capacity n/a · 4 building

79 hydro plants

22.8 GW · 1 building

3 steel plants

13,100 ktpa

37 coal mines

capacity n/a

Operating assets tracked by Global Energy Monitor (CC BY 4.0); counts are tracked facilities, not exhaustive totals. Energy overview →

Metal mining

Tagged mines

66

1 production-backed

Acid-drainage prone

9

high water-risk ore class

Main commodities

Iron, Other mine, Gold

Mine-water verifiability

Partial

national monitoring + river-basin GIS plans + discharge…

Water risk is inferred from the ore class, not site measurements. Global mines: full layer →

Monitored ports (27)

IstanbulGemlikBandirmaCanakkaleIzmirAliagaNemrut BayKusadasiBodrumAntalyaMersinIskenderunCeyhanTrabzonSamsunSinopZonguldakEregliBartinIneboluGiresunOrduRizeHopaDerinceIzmitTekirdag

Source: IMF PortWatch. Port count reflects monitoring coverage, not economic significance.

Demographics

UN World Population Prospects 2024 · medium variant

ASEAN demographics →

Median age

33

→ 44.3 by 2050

Fertility

1.62

below replacement

Working-age

68.3%

aged 15–64

Old-age dep.

15.1

→ 35.2 by 2050

Median age 1990–2050

Population 87.5M · peaks 2047

By 2050: +4% (91.3M)

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